Could Jupiter Become a Star

Jupiter is the most massive planet in the solar system, yet it isnt a star. Does that mean its a failed star? Could it ever become a star? Scientists have pondered these questions​ but didnt have enough information to draw definitive conclusions until NASAs Galileo spacecraft studied the planet, starting in 1995. Why We Can't Ignite Jupiter The Galileo spacecraft studied Jupiter for eight years and eventually began to wear out. Scientists were concerned contact with the craft would be lost, ultimately leading Galileo to orbit Jupiter until it either crashed into the planet or one of its moons. To avoid possible contamination of a potentially living moon from bacteria on Galileo, NASA intentionally crashed Galileo into Jupiter. Some people worried the plutonium thermal reactor that powered the spacecraft could start a chain reaction, igniting Jupiter and turning it into a star. The reasoning was that since plutonium is used to detonate hydrogen bombs and the Jovian atmosphere is rich in the element, the two together could create an explosive mixture, ultimately starting the fusion reaction that occurs in stars. The crash of Galileo didnt burn Jupiters hydrogen, nor could any explosion. The reason is that Jupiter doesnt have oxygen or water (which consists of hydrogen and oxygen) to support combustion. Why Jupiter Can't Become a Star Yet, Jupiter is very massive! People who call Jupiter a failed star are usually referring to the fact that Jupiter is rich in hydrogen and helium, like stars, but not massive enough to produce the internal temperatures and pressures that start a fusion reaction. In comparison to the Sun, Jupiter is a lightweight, containing only about 0.1% of the solar mass. Yet, there are stars much less massive than the Sun. It only takes about 7.5% of the solar mass to make a red dwarf. The smallest known red dwarf is about 80 times more massive than Jupiter. In other words, if you added 79 more Jupiter-sized planets to the existing world, youd have enough mass to make star. The smallest stars are brown dwarf stars, which are only 13 times the mass of Jupiter. Unlike Jupiter, a brown dwarf can truly be called a failed star. It has enough mass to fuse deuterium (an isotope of hydrogen), but not enough mass to sustain the true fusion reaction that defines a star. Jupiter is within an order of magnitude of having enough mass to become a brown dwarf. Jupiter Was Destined to Be a Planet Becoming a star isnt all about mass. Most scientists think that even if Jupiter had 13 times its mass, it wouldnt become a brown dwarf. The reason is its chemical composition and structure, which is a consequence of how Jupiter formed. Jupiter formed as planets form, rather than how stars are made. Stars form from clouds of gas and dust that are attracted to each other by electrical charge and gravity. The clouds become more dense and eventually start rotating. The rotation flattens the matter into a disc. The dust clumps together to form planetesimals of ice and rock, which collide with each other to form even larger masses. Eventually, about the time the mass is about ten times that of the Earth, the gravity is enough to attract gas from the disc. In the early formation of the solar system, the central region (which became the Sun) took most of the available mass, including its gases. At the time, Jupiter probably had a mass about 318 times that of Earth. At the point the Sun became a star, the solar wind blew away most of the remaining gas. It's Different for Other Solar Systems While astronomers and astrophysicists are still trying to decipher the details of solar system formation, its known that most solar systems have two, three, or more stars (usually 2). While its unclear why our solar system only has one star, observations of the formation of other solar systems indicate their mass is distributed differently before the stars ignite. For example, in a binary system, the mass of the two stars tends to be roughly equivalent. Jupiter, on the other hand, never approached the mass of the Sun. But, What If Jupiter Became a Star? If we took one of the smallest known stars (OGLE-TR-122b, Gliese 623b, and AB Doradus C) and replaced Jupiter with it, there would be a star with about 100 times the mass of Jupiter. Yet, the star would be less than 1/300th as bright as the Sun. If Jupiter somehow gained that much mass, it would only be about 20% bigger than it is now, much more dense, and maybe 0.3% as bright as the Sun. Since Jupiter is 4 times further from us than the Sun, wed only see an increased energy of about 0.02%, which is much less than the difference in energy we get from annual variations in the course of Earths orbit around the Sun. In other words, Jupiter turning into a star would have little to no impact on Earth. Possibly the bright star in the sky might confuse some organisms that use moonlight, because Jupiter-the-star would be about 80 times brighter than the full moon. Also, the star would be red and bright enough to be visible during the day. According to Robert Frost, an instructor and flight controller at NASA, if Jupiter gained the mass to become a star the orbits of the inner plants would be largely unaffected, while a body 80 times more massive than Jupiter would affect the orbits of Uranus, Neptune, and especially Saturn. The more massive Jupiter, whether it became a star or not, would only affect objects within approximately 50 million kilometers. References: Ask a Mathematician Physicist, How Close Is Jupiter to Being a Star?, June 8, 2011 (retrieved April 5, 2017) NASA, What Is Jupiter?, August 10, 2011 (retrieved April 5, 2017)

Midsummers Night Dream - 1004 Words

How does the ‘play within the play’ enhance your enjoyment of the rest of A Midsummer Night’s Dream? If not, why not? I would argue that A Midsummer Night’s Dream is one of Shakespeare’s greatest comedies. Comedy is in abundance in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, especially in ‘the play within the play’. ‘The play within the play’ is a key characteristic in A Midsummer Night’s Dream and deserves a thorough analysis as it holds a tight link to the main plot of this play. This part of the play takes up most of act V and allows a cheerful and comical ending to the play. ‘The play within the play’ adds deeper meaning and understanding to the play as an entirety and it mirrors certain aspects of the play as a whole. The play that group of†¦show more content†¦The extra depth, and the broader understanding of the plot is two great attributes that the craftsmen’s play brings to A Midsummers Night’s Dream. All in all I thought that ‘the play within the play’ was a great addition to A Midsummers Night’s Dream. Danielle GordonShow MoreRelatedMidsummers Night Dream1017 Words   |  5 PagesHow does the ‘play within the play’ enhance your enjoyment of the rest of A Midsummer Night’s Dream? If not, why not? I would argue that A Midsummer Night’s Dream  is one of Shakespeare’s greatest comedies. Comedy is in abundance in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, especially in ‘the play within the play’. ‘The play within the play’ is a key characteristic in A Midsummer Night’s Dream and deserves a thorough analysis as it holds a tight link to the main plot of this play. This part of the play takesRead MoreA Midsummer Nights Dream1759 Words   |  8 PagesA MIDSUMMER NIGHTS DREAM SUMMARY This play is a love story that is split between four sets of lovers; Hippolyta and Theseus, Hermia and Lysander, Helena and Demetrius and Titania and Oberon. 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When trying to force a situation into something/ a situation you wish it to be you can end up putting yourself in quite the compromising position. It is a good story on the struggles of true love, parents wills, and fighting for what one believes in, with just a hint a magical alure to it and a slight pull of betrayal to make things even more interesting. In the end though, just as almost every other love story

Portrayals of the Oriental in Paintings of Eugene Delacroix Essay Example For Students

Portrayals of the Oriental in Paintings of Eugene Delacroix Essay The Napoleonic expedition to Egypt tromp 1798 to 1799 brought forth a heightened interest among artists to explore the world of the Oriental and spurred a torrent of Orientations which became a pervasive force in 19th Century Western art, An Orientals is rather a broad term to describe artists who either portrayed an oriental theme or used the oriental as a subject matter, whether or not the artist has traveled and experienced the foreign lands or have stayed within the boundaries of their studios. Depictions of the Oriental in visual representations influence the Western perception as images materialize into the public realm. Some portrayals of Eastern culture are forms of documentations from an Objective perspective While Other portrayals are subjugated to the myths and fantasies produced from within European society that affects the stereotyping Of class, race and gender Of the Oriental. Will be cussing four paintings by a 19th century Orientals painter, Eugene Delicacies: The Massacre of Chaos (1824), The Death of Sarsaparillas (1827), women of Algiers in their Apartment (1 834), and The Sultan of Morocco and His Entourage (1845), as an attempt to observe the myths, stereotypes of class, race and gender of the Orient that have the potential to arise in images produced by the artist. Visions of the exotic, whether positive or negative, are frequently romanticizes by Oriental artists. By romanticizes I mean the images are from a subjective perspective, appealing to the imagination of the artist, and provoking emotions wrought the spectators with the use of exaggeration or partiality, The Massacre of Chaos is a response tromp Delicacies to an actual event in 1822 during the Greeks struggle for independence from the Ottomans. The Turkish troops took revenge tort the rebellions by killing 20,000 innocent people on the island of Chaos while selling the rest to slavery despite the fact that a vast majority of people living on the island of Chaos did not participate in the revolt against the Turks. Though Delicacies represents an actual event in history, the scene itself is imagined to appeal to his own understanding and interpretation of the event and to appeal particular emotions from the viewer _ The Turkish troop is characterized as the savage, villainous instigators of violence and war. For example, the Turkish soldier rearing a horse on the right appears to be merciless as he forcefully captures a Greek woman and ties her to the end of his horse. The Greeks, on the Other hand, are in the forefront and confronts the viewer, displaying a sense of factorization in their posture and gaze. They lie in heaps; seemingly huddle together for comfort from the terrors Of the massacre. Their stares seem to be blank, projecting apathy and helplessness to their situation. The viewers are compelled to feel sympathy for the victims as they lay waiting, exhausted and hopeless, for their terrible fate, and feel horror and disgust at the brutality of the Turks. The romanticizes view of the oriental is also prevalent in The Death of Sarsaparillas. In contrast to The Massacre of Chaos, the scene in The Death of Sarsaparillas is not derived from reality but rather a fantastical creation, constructed from a legend and influenced by a diverse number Of pictorial and literary sources. The denouement of the Assyrian monarch, Sarsaparillas, caught the interest of and inspired Delicacies. In the Story, after living a life Of debauchery the Assyrian monarch decides to end the immorality by ordering his servants to destroy all the pleasures Of his life, including his odalisques, riches, pets and attendants, and burn to ashes with him in his funeral pyre. In the image, the Assyrian monarch, Sarsaparillas, is in his funeral pyre, reclining on a magnificent bed, surrounded by heaps of scattered precious objects with a chaotic carnage scene happening right before his eyes. Indian Painting and Sculpture EssayBecause women appeared to be highly sensualists and objectified in Oriental paintings, Muslim men are thought to be dedicated sensualists and the Islam religion is without morality (Stevens De, 37). Even with the more covert sexually fantastical image of The Women of Algiers, it IS titillating to the Western viewer yet still confirms that the Eastern are morally inferior. But as Westerners traveled to the Eastern countries, many, like Gaudier, realized their discrepancy between their own exotic preconceptions Of a Muslim cabanas relationship with his wives. The romanticizes and imaginative view of the Oriental in Western paintings speaks of Western power domination. As Edward Said said: The Orient was Orientated not only because it was discovered to be Oriental also because it could be that is, submitted to being made Oriental (Said, p 5). Though depictions of the Oriental world are essentially made Oriental and sometimes viewed as depreciative with barbaric and immoral undertones, Delicacies, and among other artists, expresses genuine interest and destinations with the Eastern culture. Delicacies paid a age compliment and admiration to the beauty and splendor of the Eastern culture by stating that Rome is no longer to be found in Rome. After Delicacies experienced the Morocco he seems to have adjusted his previous imaginative preconceptions of the Oriental and began to depict documentation-like pictures of the Oriental to capture his experience of Morocco, The Sultan of Morocco and his Entourage is Dielectrics attempt to capture and immortality his successful meeting with the Sultan. The monumentality of the visit is captured in the picture as the sense of grandeur of the Sultan is communicated through the central Geiger. Compared to the three images have discussed so far, The Sultan of Morocco contains no apparent sense of Western superiority in terms of morality and culture. Rather, power and dignity is displayed from the portrayal of the Sultan as his army is situated submissively behind him and he is raised above everyone else on his horse. The depictions of Orientals in Orientations paintings essentially embody the relationship between the Western and the Eastern. The veil Of misunderstanding or misconception about Eastern culture created from imaginative portrayals in nettings speaks Of the usage Of another culture for pleasure, entertainment and escape from the mundane life.